Changes

Compared to the concepts [[alternative medicine]] and [[complementary medicine]] it focuses on integration with conventional medicine. The wording alternative medicine describes approaches used ''instead'' of conventional medicine. Complementary medicine pictures a [[complementarity]] of approaches. Integrative medicine uses scientific methods to evaluate complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies and is open to a dialog with concepts from non-conventional systems.

Compared to the concepts [[alternative medicine]] and [[complementary medicine]] it focuses on integration with conventional medicine. The wording alternative medicine describes approaches used ''instead'' of conventional medicine. Complementary medicine pictures a [[complementarity]] of approaches. Integrative medicine uses scientific methods to evaluate complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies and is open to a dialog with concepts from non-conventional systems.

The position of a [[medical pluralism|medical pluralism]] is common in integrative medicine. This takes into account a dialogue of different [[paradigm|paradigms]]. Central is the effort for [[scientificity]] and research with openness of the concept of science.

The position of a [[medical pluralism|medical pluralism]] is common in integrative medicine. This takes into account a dialogue of different [[paradigm|paradigms]]. Central is the effort for [[scientificity]] and [[research]] with openness of the concept of [[science]].

===History of the concept===

===History of the concept===

In polarity to alternative medicine, which emphasizes separation, the term integrative medicine denotes exchange and collaboration of complementary ([[complementary medicine|complementary]]) partners. The term integrative medicine was applied in the late 1940s in Anglo-American literature<ref name=":2">{{Cite |first=Benno|last=Brinkhaus|first2=Tobias|last2=Esch |chapter=Was ist integrative Medizin? |trans-chapter=What is integrative medicine?|editor-first=Benno|editor-last=Brinkhaus|editor-first2=Tobias|editor-last2=Esch |title=Integrative Medicine and Health |publisher=Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft |location=Berlin |date=2021 |ISBN=978-3-95466-422-1 |pages=9}}</ref> and propagated since the 1990s by, among others, [[Andrew Weil]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite |first=Dieter |last=Melchart |title=From Complementary to Integrative Medicine and Health: Do We Need a Change in Nomenclature? |journal=Complement Med Res |number=25 |publisher=Karger |location=Freiburg |date=2018 |language=en |DOI=10.1159/000488623 |pages=76-78}}</ref>. In the German-speaking world, the term came into use only from the 1990s.<ref name=":2" /> The emphases and interpretations of the still relatively young term changed over the years and are weighted partly differently by different representatives even today. Below are some descriptions and definitions.

In polarity to [[alternative medicine]], which emphasizes separation, the term integrative medicine denotes exchange and collaboration of complementary ([[complementary medicine|complementary]]) partners. The term integrative medicine was applied in the late 1940s in Anglo-American literature<ref name=":2">{{Cite |first=Benno|last=Brinkhaus|first2=Tobias|last2=Esch |chapter=Was ist integrative Medizin? |trans-chapter=What is integrative medicine?|editor-first=Benno|editor-last=Brinkhaus|editor-first2=Tobias|editor-last2=Esch |title=Integrative Medicine and Health |publisher=Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft |location=Berlin |date=2021 |ISBN=978-3-95466-422-1 |pages=9}}</ref> and propagated since the 1990s by, among others, [[Andrew Weil]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite |first=Dieter |last=Melchart |title=From Complementary to Integrative Medicine and Health: Do We Need a Change in Nomenclature? |journal=Complement Med Res |number=25 |publisher=Karger |location=Freiburg |date=2018 |language=en |DOI=10.1159/000488623 |pages=76-78}}</ref>. In the German-speaking world, the term came into use only from the 1990s.<ref name=":2" /> The emphases and interpretations of the still relatively young term changed over the years and are weighted partly differently by different representatives even today. Below are some descriptions and definitions.

In the 2000s, the focus was on a combination of elements of conventional medicine with scientifically evaluated elements of complementary and alternative medicine (see definition NCCAM).<ref name=":2" /> Through the years the concept broadened to include aspects like the relationship between patient and doctor, a network of caretaking persons and in 2020 a democratic environment and a healthy natural environment, bringing the concept close to that of [[One health]].

In the 2000s, the focus was on a combination of elements of conventional medicine with scientifically evaluated elements of complementary and alternative medicine (see definition NCCAM).<ref name=":2" /> Through the years the concept broadened to include aspects like the relationship between patient and doctor, a network of caretaking persons and in 2020 a democratic environment and a healthy natural environment, bringing the concept close to that of [[Wikipedia:One health|One health]] and impulses arising in mainstream medicine.

====Criticism of the concept====

====Criticism of the concept====

There is also criticism of the term, which, apart from its salutogenetic orientation, contains no conceptual innovation over that of [[complementary medicine|complementary medicine]].<ref name=":1" />

There is also criticism of the term, which, apart from its salutogenetic orientation, contains no conceptual innovation over that of [[complementary medicine|complementary medicine]].<ref name=":1" />

|'''[[National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)]]'''

|'''[[National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)]]'''

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|There are many definitions of “integrative” health care, but all involve bringing conventional and complementary approaches together in a coordinated way. ... NCCIH generally uses the term “complementary health approaches” when we discuss practices and products of non-mainstream origin. We use “integrative health” when we talk about incorporating complementary approaches into mainstream health care.<ref>https://nccih.nih.gov/health/integrative-health#integrative</ref>

|There are many definitions of “integrative” health care, but all involve bringing conventional and complementary approaches together in a coordinated way. ... NCCIH generally uses the term “complementary health approaches” when we discuss practices and products of non-mainstream origin. We use “integrative health” when we talk about incorporating complementary approaches into mainstream health care.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nccih.nih.gov/health/integrative-health#integrative|title=Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health: What’s In a Name?|access-date=2 October 2021|website=National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)}}</ref>

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'''Herbal medicines''' - Herbal medicines include herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and finished herbal products, that contain as active ingredients parts of plants, or other plant materials, or combinations.<ref>http://www.who.int/traditional-complementary-integrative-medicine/about/en/</ref>

'''Herbal medicines''' - Herbal medicines include herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and finished herbal products, that contain as active ingredients parts of plants, or other plant materials, or combinations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/traditional-complementary-integrative-medicine/about/en/|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210308233417/http://www.who.int/traditional-complementary-integrative-medicine/about/en/|archive-date=8 March 2021|url-status=dead|title=Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine ; Definitions}}</ref>

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|'''[[Benno Brinkhaus|Brinkhaus B]] and [[Tobias Esch|Esch T]], adapted Version of the US consortium IM'''

|'''[[Benno Brinkhaus|Brinkhaus B]] and [[Tobias Esch|Esch T]], adapted Version of the US consortium IM'''

|2020

|2020

|Integrative medicine and Health reaffirms the importance of the relationship between practitioner and patient, focuses on the whole person, is informed by evidence, and makes use of all appropriate therapeutic, preventive, health-promoting, and lifestyle approaches, healthcare professionals and disciplines to achieve optimal health and healing, emphasizing the art and science of healing. It is based on a social and democratic as well as natural and healthy environment.<ref name=":2" />

|Integrative medicine and Health reaffirms the importance of the relationship between practitioner and patient, focuses on the whole person, is informed by evidence, and makes use of all appropriate therapeutic, preventive, health-promoting, and lifestyle approaches, healthcare professionals and disciplines to achieve optimal health and healing, emphasizing the art and science of healing. It is based on a social and democratic as well as natural and healthy environment.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|title=Neue Definitionen der Integrativen Medizin: Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen?|language=de|url=https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/506224|publisher=Karger|journal=[[Complement Med Res]]|doi=10.1159/000506224|date=2020|volume=27|pages=67–69|last=Esch|first2=Benno|last2=Brinkhaus|first=Tobias|author-link=Tobias Esch|author-link2=Benno Brinkhaus}}</ref>

|[[Benno Brinkhaus|Brinkhaus B]], [[Tobias Esch|Esch T]]

|[[Benno Brinkhaus|Brinkhaus B]], [[Tobias Esch|Esch T]]

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In USA the integrative medical movement is represented by organizations like the [[Academic Consortium for Integrative Medicine & Health]] and in the [[Wikipedia:National institutes of health|national institutes of health]] there is a department for integrative medicine called [[National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)]].<ref name=":3" /><br />

==References==

==References==

<references />

<references />

[[de:Integrative Medizin]]

[[de:Integrative Medizin]]