Changes

'''One Health''' is "the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally, to attain optimal health for people, animals and our environment", as defined by the One Health Initiative Task Force (OHITF).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reports/Documents/onehealth_final.pdf|title=One Health : A New Professional Imperative|date=15 July 2008|publisher=American Veterinary Medical Association|page=9|access-date=2017-08-20}}</ref>

'''One Health''' is "the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally, to attain optimal health for people, animals and our environment", as defined by the One Health Initiative Task Force (OHITF).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reports/Documents/onehealth_final.pdf|title=One Health : A New Professional Imperative|date=15 July 2008|publisher=American Veterinary Medical Association|page=9|access-date=2017-08-20}}</ref>

== History ==

==History==

The recognition that environmental factors can impact human health can be traced as far back as to the [[greece|Greek]] physician [[Hippocrates]] (c. 460 BCE – c. 370 BCE) in his text "On Airs, Waters, and Places".<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=Περί αέρων, υδάτων, τόπων|wslanguage=el}}</ref> He promoted the concept that public health depended on a clean environment.<ref>The Internet Classics Archive. Hippocrates. "On Airs, Waters, and Places". 400 BCE. Translated by Francis Adams. http://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates/airwatpl.html. Accessed September 1, 2011.</ref> In the mid-1800s, [[Rudolf Virchow]], a physician, recognized the link between animal and human medicine, came up with the term [[zoonosis]] to describe a disease that can be passed from animals to humans, and actively advocated for [[Veterinary medicine|veterinary]] medical education.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/history/index.html|title=History {{!}} One Health {{!}} CDC|date=2018-09-19|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> The founding of the Veterinary Public Health Division at the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]] in 1947 by [[James Harlan Steele|James H. Steele]], a veterinarian trained in [[public health]], contributed to the understanding of how diseases are spread between animals and humans, or the [[epidemiology]] of zoonotic diseases.<ref name=":22"/> [[Calvin Schwabe]], another veterinarian trained in public health, coined the term One Medicine in a veterinary medical textbook in 1964, which reflects the similarities between animal and human medicine and stresses the importance of collaboration between veterinarians and physicians to help solve [[Global health|global health problems]].<ref name=":22"/> In 2004, [[Wildlife Conservation Society|The Wildlife Conservation Society]] held a conference at [[Rockefeller University]] in New York called One World, One Health, out of which the twelve Manhattan Principles were created.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|last=Gibbs|first=E. Paul J.|date=2014-01-25|title=The evolution of One Health: a decade of progress and challenges for the future|url=https://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/content/174/4/85|journal=Veterinary Record|language=en|volume=174|issue=4|pages=85–91|doi=10.1136/vr.g143|issn=0042-4900|pmid=24464377|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oneworldonehealth.org/sept2004/owoh_sept04.html|title=29 September 2004 Symposium|website=www.oneworldonehealth.org|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> These principles highlighted links between humans, animals, and the environment, how these links are integral to understanding disease dynamics, and the importance of [[Interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] approaches to prevention, education, investment, and policy development.<ref name=":4" />

The recognition that environmental factors can impact human health can be traced as far back as to the [[greece|Greek]] physician [[Hippocrates]] (c. 460 BCE – c. 370 BCE) in his text "On Airs, Waters, and Places".<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=Περί αέρων, υδάτων, τόπων|wslanguage=el}}</ref> He promoted the concept that public health depended on a clean environment.<ref>The Internet Classics Archive. Hippocrates. "On Airs, Waters, and Places". 400 BCE. Translated by Francis Adams. http://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates/airwatpl.html. Accessed September 1, 2011.</ref> In the mid-1800s, [[Rudolf Virchow]], a physician, recognized the link between animal and human medicine, came up with the term [[zoonosis]] to describe a disease that can be passed from animals to humans, and actively advocated for [[Veterinary medicine|veterinary]] medical education.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/history/index.html|title=History {{!}} One Health {{!}} CDC|date=2018-09-19|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> The founding of the Veterinary Public Health Division at the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]] in 1947 by [[James Harlan Steele|James H. Steele]], a veterinarian trained in [[public health]], contributed to the understanding of how diseases are spread between animals and humans, or the [[epidemiology]] of zoonotic diseases.<ref name=":22" /> [[Calvin Schwabe]], another veterinarian trained in public health, coined the term One Medicine in a veterinary medical textbook in 1964, which reflects the similarities between animal and human medicine and stresses the importance of collaboration between veterinarians and physicians to help solve [[Global health|global health problems]].<ref name=":22" /> In 2004, [[Wildlife Conservation Society|The Wildlife Conservation Society]] held a conference at [[Rockefeller University]] in New York called One World, One Health, out of which the twelve Manhattan Principles were created.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|last=Gibbs|first=E. Paul J.|date=2014-01-25|title=The evolution of One Health: a decade of progress and challenges for the future|url=https://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/content/174/4/85|journal=Veterinary Record|language=en|volume=174|issue=4|pages=85–91|doi=10.1136/vr.g143|issn=0042-4900|pmid=24464377|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oneworldonehealth.org/sept2004/owoh_sept04.html|title=29 September 2004 Symposium|website=www.oneworldonehealth.org|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> These principles highlighted links between humans, animals, and the environment, how these links are integral to understanding disease dynamics, and the importance of [[Interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] approaches to prevention, education, investment, and policy development.<ref name=":4" />

Due to global scares surrounding the [[Influenza A virus subtype H5N1|H5N1 influenza]] outbreaks of the early-mid 2000s, the [[American Veterinary Medical Association]] established a One Health Initiative Task Force in 2006, the  [[American Medical Association]] passed a One Health resolution to promote partnering between veterinary and human medical organizations in 2007, and a One Health approach was recommended for responses to global disease outbreaks in 2007.<ref name=":32"/><ref name=":22"/> Building on these initiatives, the Food and Agriculture Organization ([[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]]), World Organization for Animal Health ([[World Organisation for Animal Health|OIE]]), and World Health Organization ([[World Health Organization|WHO]]) came together with the United Nations Children's Fund ([[UNICEF]]), United Nations System Influenza Coordination, and the [[World Bank]] to develop a framework entitled "Contributing to One World, One Health-A Strategic Framework for Reducing Risks of Infectious Diseases at the Animal-Human-Ecosystems Interface” in 2008, reiterating recommendations for a One Health approach to global health.<ref name=":32"/><ref name=":22"/> This framework was expanded and the aforementioned organizations moved into developing implementable policies surrounding One Health at the Stone Mountain Meeting, which was held in May 2010 in Georgia.<ref name=":32"/><ref name=":22"/>

Due to global scares surrounding the [[Influenza A virus subtype H5N1|H5N1 influenza]] outbreaks of the early-mid 2000s, the [[American Veterinary Medical Association]] established a One Health Initiative Task Force in 2006, the  [[American Medical Association]] passed a One Health resolution to promote partnering between veterinary and human medical organizations in 2007, and a One Health approach was recommended for responses to global disease outbreaks in 2007.<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":22" /> Building on these initiatives, the Food and Agriculture Organization ([[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]]), World Organization for Animal Health ([[World Organisation for Animal Health|OIE]]), and World Health Organization ([[World Health Organization|WHO]]) came together with the United Nations Children's Fund ([[UNICEF]]), United Nations System Influenza Coordination, and the [[World Bank]] to develop a framework entitled "Contributing to One World, One Health-A Strategic Framework for Reducing Risks of Infectious Diseases at the Animal-Human-Ecosystems Interface” in 2008, reiterating recommendations for a One Health approach to global health.<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":22" /> This framework was expanded and the aforementioned organizations moved into developing implementable policies surrounding One Health at the Stone Mountain Meeting, which was held in May 2010 in Georgia.<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":22" />

The first international meetings with the topic of One Health were held in 2011 in both Africa and Australia.<ref name=":32"/><ref name=":22"/> In 2012, [[Barbara Natterson-Horowitz]], a physician, and Kathryn Bowers, a science journalist, published the book ''[[Zoobiquity]]'', which highlights case studies of parallels between animal and human health.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoobiquity.com/book|title=Book|website=Zoobiquity|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref> This book has spear-headed interdisciplinary research initiatives as well as a Zoobiquity conference series which have been held both in the United States and internationally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoobiquity.com/research-initiative|title=Research Initiatives|website=Zoobiquity|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoobiquity.com/conference|title=Zoobiquity Conference|website=Zoobiquity|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref> In 2016, The One Health Commission, One Health Platform, and One Health Initiative Team deemed International One Health Day to be November 3.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/events/one_health_day/|title=One Health Day - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref> Organizations can submit event details for One Health Day through the One Health Commission's website for global recognition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/events/one_health_day/event_guidelines/|title=Event Guidelines - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-13}}</ref>

The first international meetings with the topic of One Health were held in 2011 in both Africa and Australia.<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":22" /> In 2012, [[Barbara Natterson-Horowitz]], a physician, and Kathryn Bowers, a science journalist, published the book ''[[Zoobiquity]]'', which highlights case studies of parallels between animal and human health.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoobiquity.com/book|title=Book|website=Zoobiquity|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref> This book has spear-headed interdisciplinary research initiatives as well as a Zoobiquity conference series which have been held both in the United States and internationally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoobiquity.com/research-initiative|title=Research Initiatives|website=Zoobiquity|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoobiquity.com/conference|title=Zoobiquity Conference|website=Zoobiquity|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref> In 2016, The One Health Commission, One Health Platform, and One Health Initiative Team deemed International One Health Day to be November 3.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/events/one_health_day/|title=One Health Day - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref> Organizations can submit event details for One Health Day through the One Health Commission's website for global recognition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/events/one_health_day/event_guidelines/|title=Event Guidelines - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-13}}</ref>

In 2019, Senator [[Tina Smith]] and Representative [[Kurt Schrader]] introduced the Advancing Emergency Preparedness Through One Health Act into the [[United States]] [[United States Senate|Senate]] and [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/1903|title=S.1903 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Advancing Emergency Preparedness Through One Health Act of 2019|last=Smith|first=Tina|date=2019-06-19|website=www.congress.gov|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3771|title=H.R.3771 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Advancing Emergency Preparedness Through One Health Act of 2019|last=Schrader|first=Kurt|date=2019-08-09|website=www.congress.gov|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> This [[Bipartisanship|bi-partisan]] piece of legislation would require that the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]], [[United States Department of Agriculture|Department of Agriculture]], and other federal agencies develop a coordinated plan to create a One Health Framework to help prepare responses to [[Zoonosis|zoonotic disease]] and prevent disease outbreaks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/index.cfm/38050/46766/bipartisan_one_health_congressional_bills_introduced_in_us_senate_and_house|title=Bi-Partisan One Health Congressional Bills introduced in U.S. Senate and House|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref>

In 2019, Senator [[Tina Smith]] and Representative [[Kurt Schrader]] introduced the Advancing Emergency Preparedness Through One Health Act into the [[United States]] [[United States Senate|Senate]] and [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/1903|title=S.1903 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Advancing Emergency Preparedness Through One Health Act of 2019|last=Smith|first=Tina|date=2019-06-19|website=www.congress.gov|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3771|title=H.R.3771 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Advancing Emergency Preparedness Through One Health Act of 2019|last=Schrader|first=Kurt|date=2019-08-09|website=www.congress.gov|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> This [[Bipartisanship|bi-partisan]] piece of legislation would require that the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]], [[United States Department of Agriculture|Department of Agriculture]], and other federal agencies develop a coordinated plan to create a One Health Framework to help prepare responses to [[Zoonosis|zoonotic disease]] and prevent disease outbreaks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/index.cfm/38050/46766/bipartisan_one_health_congressional_bills_introduced_in_us_senate_and_house|title=Bi-Partisan One Health Congressional Bills introduced in U.S. Senate and House|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref>

== Leading organizations ==

==Leading organizations==

The One Health Commission (OHC) is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization with the mission to connect individuals and create relationships across human, animal, and environmental health sectors, as well as to educate the public about these issues with the intent to improve global health.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/why_one_health/mission__goals/|title=Mission / Goals - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/why_one_health/about_the_commission/|title=About the Commission - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> In 2007, Roger K. Mahr from the [[American Veterinary Medical Association]], Jay H. Glasser from the [[American Public Health Association]], and Ronald M. Davis from the [[American Medical Association]] came together as liaisons with other health science professionals, academics, students, government workers, and industry scientists to create a task force and have [[Teleconference|teleconferences]] to discuss One Health.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/why_one_health/history/|title=History - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref><ref>[https://www.onehealthcommission.org/documents/filelibrary/aboutus/One_Health_InitiativeTask_Force_Mem_306367AC81F70.pdf One Health Initiative Task Force Members 2007/2008]</ref> This One Health Initiative Task Force created a report in 2008 which outlined recommendations to create a joint steering committee, implement improved communications efforts, plan national One Health studies, develop a One Health Commission, create advisory teams, establish national meetings, and engage medical, veterinary, and public health students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reports/Documents/onehealth_final.pdf|title=One Health: A New Professional Imperative|date=2008|website=www.avma.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref><ref name=":6">[https://www.onehealthcommission.org/documents/filelibrary/aboutus/Exec_Summary_of_AVMA_One_Health_Tas_8E6FB0ECAFA60.pdf Executive Summary of One Health Commission Task Force (2008) -]</ref> The One Health Commission was officially chartered in Washington D.C. in 2009, with Roger Mahr as the founding CEO.<ref name=":5" /> A request for proposal for an institutional partner was put forth in 2010, and Iowa State University was selected to be the main site for operations.<ref name=":5" /> In 2013, Roger Mahr retired from the commission and the operations site moved to the [[Research Triangle Park|Research Triangle]] of North Carolina, where it currently resides.<ref name=":5" /> The current executive director is Cheryl Stroud, a veterinarian, who has held the position since 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/leadership__board_of_directors/|title=Leadership / Board of Directors - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref>

The One Health Commission (OHC) is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization with the mission to connect individuals and create relationships across human, animal, and environmental health sectors, as well as to educate the public about these issues with the intent to improve global health.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/why_one_health/mission__goals/|title=Mission / Goals - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/why_one_health/about_the_commission/|title=About the Commission - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> In 2007, Roger K. Mahr from the [[American Veterinary Medical Association]], Jay H. Glasser from the [[American Public Health Association]], and Ronald M. Davis from the [[American Medical Association]] came together as liaisons with other health science professionals, academics, students, government workers, and industry scientists to create a task force and have [[Teleconference|teleconferences]] to discuss One Health.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/why_one_health/history/|title=History - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref><ref>[https://www.onehealthcommission.org/documents/filelibrary/aboutus/One_Health_InitiativeTask_Force_Mem_306367AC81F70.pdf One Health Initiative Task Force Members 2007/2008]</ref> This One Health Initiative Task Force created a report in 2008 which outlined recommendations to create a joint steering committee, implement improved communications efforts, plan national One Health studies, develop a One Health Commission, create advisory teams, establish national meetings, and engage medical, veterinary, and public health students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reports/Documents/onehealth_final.pdf|title=One Health: A New Professional Imperative|date=2008|website=www.avma.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref><ref name=":6">[https://www.onehealthcommission.org/documents/filelibrary/aboutus/Exec_Summary_of_AVMA_One_Health_Tas_8E6FB0ECAFA60.pdf Executive Summary of One Health Commission Task Force (2008) -]</ref> The One Health Commission was officially chartered in Washington D.C. in 2009, with Roger Mahr as the founding CEO.<ref name=":5" /> A request for proposal for an institutional partner was put forth in 2010, and Iowa State University was selected to be the main site for operations.<ref name=":5" /> In 2013, Roger Mahr retired from the commission and the operations site moved to the [[Research Triangle Park|Research Triangle]] of North Carolina, where it currently resides.<ref name=":5" /> The current executive director is Cheryl Stroud, a veterinarian, who has held the position since 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/leadership__board_of_directors/|title=Leadership / Board of Directors - One Health Commission|website=www.onehealthcommission.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref>

The One Health Platform is a scientific reference network which unites researchers and experts of One Health to better understand and prepare for [[Zoonosis|zoonotic disease]] outbreaks from animals to humans and [[antimicrobial resistance]], including a better understanding of environmental factors that impact disease dynamics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthplatform.com/ohp/what-we-do/our-mission|title=Our mission {{!}} One Health Platform|website=www.onehealthplatform.com|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The organization has nine objectives, which include disseminating research results at biennial meetings, identifying knowledge gaps in the field, engaging policy makers, establishing a Bio Threats Scanning Group to connect One Health and global health security, share data, serve as a reference network to the government, foster collaborations, and implement  policies, and increase awareness during One Health Day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthplatform.com/ohp/what-we-do/our-objectives|title=Our objectives {{!}} One Health Platform|website=www.onehealthplatform.com|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The management board is made up of [[Ab Osterhaus]], John Mackenzie and Chris Vanlangendonck.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthplatform.com/ohp/who-we-are/management-board|title=Initiators {{!}} One Health Platform|website=www.onehealthplatform.com|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The One Health Platform was responsible for organizing the World One Health Congress meeting each year 2015 - 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onehealthplatform.com/wohc/home|title=Home of WOHC {{!}} One Health Platform|website=onehealthplatform.com|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The One Health Platform closed its doors early in 2021 but the next World One Health Congress scheduled for 2022 continued in Singapore hosted by SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute.

The One Health Platform is a scientific reference network which unites researchers and experts of One Health to better understand and prepare for [[Zoonosis|zoonotic disease]] outbreaks from animals to humans and [[antimicrobial resistance]], including a better understanding of environmental factors that impact disease dynamics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthplatform.com/ohp/what-we-do/our-mission|title=Our mission {{!}} One Health Platform|website=www.onehealthplatform.com|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The organization has nine objectives, which include disseminating research results at biennial meetings, identifying knowledge gaps in the field, engaging policy makers, establishing a Bio Threats Scanning Group to connect One Health and global health security, share data, serve as a reference network to the government, foster collaborations, and implement  policies, and increase awareness during One Health Day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthplatform.com/ohp/what-we-do/our-objectives|title=Our objectives {{!}} One Health Platform|website=www.onehealthplatform.com|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The management board is made up of [[Ab Osterhaus]], John Mackenzie and Chris Vanlangendonck.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onehealthplatform.com/ohp/who-we-are/management-board|title=Initiators {{!}} One Health Platform|website=www.onehealthplatform.com|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The One Health Platform was responsible for organizing the World One Health Congress meeting each year 2015 - 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onehealthplatform.com/wohc/home|title=Home of WOHC {{!}} One Health Platform|website=onehealthplatform.com|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The One Health Platform closed its doors early in 2021 but the next World One Health Congress scheduled for 2022 continued in Singapore hosted by SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute.

The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) was created on April 7, 1948 and has since expanded to include 150 country offices and six regional offices in addition to its headquarters in [[Geneva|Geneva, Switzerland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are|title=Who we are|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The WHO is the main authority for global health within the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/our-values|title=Our values|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The WHO was a partner in the 2008 establishment of a strategic One Health framework for approaching global health problems.<ref name=":32"/><ref name=":22"/> In September 2017, a feature page for One Health was included on the WHO website, defining One Health and highlighting important topic areas such as food safety, [[Zoonosis|zoonotic disease]], and [[antimicrobial resistance]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/qa/one-health/en/|title=WHO {{!}} One Health|website=WHO|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref>

The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) was created on April 7, 1948 and has since expanded to include 150 country offices and six regional offices in addition to its headquarters in [[Geneva|Geneva, Switzerland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are|title=Who we are|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The WHO is the main authority for global health within the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/our-values|title=Our values|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The WHO was a partner in the 2008 establishment of a strategic One Health framework for approaching global health problems.<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":22" /> In September 2017, a feature page for One Health was included on the WHO website, defining One Health and highlighting important topic areas such as food safety, [[Zoonosis|zoonotic disease]], and [[antimicrobial resistance]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/qa/one-health/en/|title=WHO {{!}} One Health|website=WHO|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref>

The [[World Organisation for Animal Health|World Organization for Animal Health]] was created as the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) via an international agreement signed on January 25, 1924 out of a need to combat animal disease outbreaks.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/en/about-us/|title=About us: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health|website=www.oie.int|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> It officially became the World Organization for Animal Health in 2003, but retained its old acronym, and is headquartered in [[Paris|Paris, France]].<ref name=":8" /> The OIE has 182 member countries as of 2018 and is managed by a World Assembly of Delegates which includes representatives of each member country.<ref name=":8" /> It was also a partner in establishing a strategic One Health framework in 2008.<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":22" /> The OIE works to maintain transparency surrounding global animal disease, collect and distribute veterinary information, publish international trade standards for animals/ animal products, improve veterinary services globally, and to promote animal welfare and food safety.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/en/about-us/our-missions/|title=Our missions: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health|website=www.oie.int|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> Along with the WHO, the OIE hosts workshops about how to implement One Health networks and practices to improve health services in member countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/en/solidarity/options-for-targeted-support/one-health-integration/|title=One Health Integration: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health|website=www.oie.int|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref>

The [[World Organisation for Animal Health|World Organization for Animal Health]] was created as the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) via an international agreement signed on January 25, 1924 out of a need to combat animal disease outbreaks.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/en/about-us/|title=About us: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health|website=www.oie.int|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> It officially became the World Organization for Animal Health in 2003, but retained its old acronym, and is headquartered in [[Paris|Paris, France]].<ref name=":8" /> The OIE has 182 member countries as of 2018 and is managed by a World Assembly of Delegates which includes representatives of each member country.<ref name=":8" /> It was also a partner in establishing a strategic One Health framework in 2008.<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":22" /> The OIE works to maintain transparency surrounding global animal disease, collect and distribute veterinary information, publish international trade standards for animals/ animal products, improve veterinary services globally, and to promote animal welfare and food safety.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/en/about-us/our-missions/|title=Our missions: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health|website=www.oie.int|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> Along with the WHO, the OIE hosts workshops about how to implement One Health networks and practices to improve health services in member countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/en/solidarity/options-for-targeted-support/one-health-integration/|title=One Health Integration: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health|website=www.oie.int|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref>

==See also==

==See also==

* [[Conservation medicine]]

 

* [[EcoHealth]]

*[[Conservation medicine]]

* [[Environmental health]]

*[[EcoHealth]]

* [[Planetary health]]

*[[Environmental health]]

* [[Public health]]

*[[Planetary health]]

*[[Public health]]

==References==

==References==

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

*{{cite book |last1=Deem |first1=Sharon L. |last2=Lane-deGraaf |first2=Kelly E. |last3=Rayhel |first3=Elizabeth A. |title=Introduction to One Health : An Interdisciplinary Approach to Planetary Health |date=2019 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |isbn=9781119382867 |edition=1st |url=https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Introduction+to+One+Health%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Approach+to+Planetary+Health-p-9781119382850}}

*{{cite book |last1=Deem |first1=Sharon L. |last2=Lane-deGraaf |first2=Kelly E. |last3=Rayhel |first3=Elizabeth A. |title=Introduction to One Health : An Interdisciplinary Approach to Planetary Health |date=2019 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |isbn=9781119382867 |edition=1st |url=https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Introduction+to+One+Health%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Approach+to+Planetary+Health-p-9781119382850}}

[[Category:Veterinary medicine]]

[[Category:Veterinary medicine]]

{{SourceWikipedia}}

{{SourceWikipedia}}