Andrew Weil

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Andrew Thomas Weil (/waɪl/, born June 8, 1942) is a doctor from USA and promoter of the concept of integrative medicine.

Early life and education

Early years

Andrew Thomas Weil was born in Philadelphia on June 8, 1942,[1] the only child of parents who operated a millinery store,[1] in a family that was Reform Jewish.[2] He graduated from high school in 1959 and was awarded a scholarship from the American Association for the United Nations,[1] giving him the opportunity go abroad for a year, living with families in India, Thailand, and Greece.[3] From this experience he became convinced that in many ways American culture and science was insular and unaware of non-American practices. He began hearing that mescaline enhanced creativity and produced visionary experiences, and finding little information on the subject, he read The Doors of Perception by Aldous Huxley.[when?][4]: 24f 

Undergraduate period

Weil entered Harvard University in 1960, majoring in biology with a concentration in ethnobotany.[5] He had an early curiosity regarding psychoactive drugs, and in that period, met Harvard psychologists Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert, and separately engaged in organized experimentation with mescaline.[6] Weil would write for and eventually serve as an editor of the Harvard Crimson.[7]: 86 [8] One published account of the period describes a falling out of Weil from the group that included the faculty—among whom the experimentation with drugs was contentious, and with regard to undergraduates, proscribed;[9][10] the falling out involved an exposé on drug-use and supply that Weil wrote for the Crimson.[6] Weil wrote of faculty experimentation with drugs in a series of Crimson pieces:[11]

  • "Better Than a Damn", (February 20, 1962), his apparent first Crimson piece;[8][12]
  • "Alpert Defends Drugs on 'Open End,'" (May 27, 1963);[13] and
  • "Investigation Unlikely in Dismissal of Alpert", (May 29, 1963).[14]

and that this reporting included the claim that "undergraduates had indeed been able to obtain access to psilocybin from members" of the Harvard faculty research team that was involved in such research.[11] As late as 1973, Weil's name appears in conjunction with an editorial regarding the 1963 firing of Alpert, which stated the view that it would be "unfortunate if the firing of Richard Alpert led to the suppression of legitimate research into the effects of hallucinogenic compounds", distancing himself and the Crimson from the "shoddiness of their work as scientists ... less [the result] of incompetence than of a conscious rejection of scientific ways of looking at things."[15]

Weil's undergraduate thesis was titled "The Use of Nutmeg as a Psychotropic Agent",[6] specifically, on the narcotic properties of nutmeg,[16] inspired by a class with David McClelland,[citation needed] chair of the Department of Social Relations, and a former director of Harvard's Center for Research in Personality.[10] In 1964, he graduated cum laude with a B.A. in biology.[5]

Medical training

Weil entered Harvard Medical School, "not with the intention of becoming a physician but rather simply to obtain a medical education."[5] He received a medical degree in 1968,[17][18][19] although "the Harvard faculty ... threatened to withhold it because of a controversial marijuana study Weil had helped conduct" in his final year.[5] Weil moved to San Francisco and completed a one-year medical internship at Mount Zion Hospital in 1968–69.[17][18][20] While there, volunteered at the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic.[citation needed] Weil went on to complete one year of a two-year program at NIH, resigning due to "official opposition to his work with marijuana".[20]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The editors of EB (2015). "Andrew Weil, American Physician", In Encyclopædia Britannica (online, 18 November), see [1], accessed 18 November 2015.
  2. ↑ "Andrew Weil, Shaman, M.D." The New York Times.
  3. ↑ Collins, Judy (2017-02-28). "15 - Lives of the diet gurus; Dr. Andrew Weil". Cravings: How I Conquered Food. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 92ff. ISBN 978-0-385-54132-9.
  4. ↑ Lattin, Don (2010). The Harvard Psychedelic Club (Paperback ed.). New York, NY: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780061655944.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 The editors of EB (2015). "Andrew Weil, American Physician", In Encyclopædia Britannica (online, 18 November), see [2], accessed 18 November 2015.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Garner, Dwight (January 7, 2010). "Books of the Times: Tune In, Turn On, Turn Page [Review, "The Harvard Psychedelic Club: How Timothy Leary, Ram Dass, Huston Smith and Andrew Weil Killed the Fifties and Ushered In a New Age for America," by Don Lattin]". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  7. ↑ Lattin, Don (2010). The Harvard Psychedelic Club (Paperback ed.). New York, NY: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780061655944.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Anon. (1962). "Writer: Andrew T. Weil". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  9. ↑ Smith, Robert E. (March 15, 1962). "Psychologists Disagree On Psilocybin Research". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Finnegan, John P.; Freed, David (May 27, 2013). "In Early 1960s, Experiments With Hallucinogenics Caused Major Uproar, Minor Shake-up". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Doblin, Richard Elliot (2000). "The Evolution of the Regulation of the Medical Uses of Psychedelic Drugs and Marijuana (Chapter 1)" (PDF). Regulation of the Medical Use of Psychedelics and Marijuana (June 2000) (PhD). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. pp. 5–69, esp. 36. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  12. ↑ Weil, Andrew T. (February 20, 1962). "Better Than a Damn". The Harvard Crimson: 2. Retrieved 17 November 2015. Subtitle: From the Bottle.
  13. ↑ Weil, Andrew T. (May 27, 1963). "Alpert Defends Drugs on 'Open End'". The Harvard Crimson: 1, 6.
  14. ↑ Weil, Andrew T. (May 29, 1963). "Investigation Unlikely in Dismissal of Alpert". The Harvard Crimson: 1. Retrieved 17 November 2015. Faculty Members Regret Lack of Details, But See No Issue of Academic Freedom.
  15. ↑ Russin, Joseph M.; Weil, Andrew T. (January 24, 1973). "The Crimson Takes Leary, Alpert to Task". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 'Roles' & 'Games' In William James.
  16. ↑ "Andrew Weil Biography and Interview". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Baer, H.A. (2003). "The Work of Andrew Weil and Deepak Chopra—Two Holistic Health/New Age Gurus: A Critique of the Holistic Health/New Age Movements", Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 17 (2, June): 233-250, esp. 233f, 236, see [3] and [4] and [5], accessed 20 November 2015.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Baer, H. A. (2004). "Deconstructing Andrew Weil and Deepak Chopra (Chapter 5)". Toward an Integrative Medicine: Merging Alternative Therapies with Biomedicine. Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 17. Walnut Creek, CA: Rowman & Littlefield/AltaMira. pp. 119–136, esp. 120, 132f, and passim. doi:10.1525/maq.2003.17.2.233. ISBN 978-0759103023. PMID 12846118. S2CID 28219719. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  19. ↑ Lasswell, Mark (25 September 1995). "Mind Opener". People. 45 (13). Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Relman, Arnold (8 March 2002). "A Trip to Stonesville: Some Notes on Andrew Weil, M.D." Quackwatch. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
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