Changes

Viscum album contains three lectins, differing in their specificity for glycoprotein sites on cell membranes. These are mistletoe lectin 1, 2, and 3 or ML-1, Ml-2, and ML-3. Mistletoe lectin 1 has had the most amount of research. Mistletoe lectins, as members of the type 2 RIP family, are composed of two protein portions linked by a disulfide bond. The A chain is a strong inhibitor of the ribosome, the cellular protein manufacturing organelle. The B chain has strong and selective binding affinity to carbohydrate molecules on the cell surface.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Hajtó, T.)), ((Hostanska, K.)), ((Berki, T.)), ((Pálinkás, L.)), ((Boldizsár, F.)), ((Németh, P.)) | journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine | title=Oncopharmacological perspectives of a plant lectin (Viscum album agglutinin-I): overview of recent results from in vitro experiments and in vivo animal models, and their possible relevance for clinical applications | volume=2 | issue=1 | pages=59–67 | date= 2005}}</ref>

Viscum album contains three lectins, differing in their specificity for glycoprotein sites on cell membranes. These are mistletoe lectin 1, 2, and 3 or ML-1, Ml-2, and ML-3. Mistletoe lectin 1 has had the most amount of research. Mistletoe lectins, as members of the type 2 RIP family, are composed of two protein portions linked by a disulfide bond. The A chain is a strong inhibitor of the ribosome, the cellular protein manufacturing organelle. The B chain has strong and selective binding affinity to carbohydrate molecules on the cell surface.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Hajtó, T.)), ((Hostanska, K.)), ((Berki, T.)), ((Pálinkás, L.)), ((Boldizsár, F.)), ((Németh, P.)) | journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine | title=Oncopharmacological perspectives of a plant lectin (Viscum album agglutinin-I): overview of recent results from in vitro experiments and in vivo animal models, and their possible relevance for clinical applications | volume=2 | issue=1 | pages=59–67 | date= 2005}}</ref>

=== Viscotoxins ===

===Viscotoxins===

Viscotoxins are a 46 amino acid long group of compounds with a net positive charge and 3 disulfide bonds. There are 7 isoforms of viscotoxins from viscum album A1, A2, A3, B, B2, 1-PS and C1, with U-PS being an eighth more distantly related compound. Viscotoxins are hypothesized to interact with the phosphatidylserine that is a prominent feature of cancer cells, opening a hole in the cell membrane and destabilizing the DNA.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Samuelsson, G.)), ((Pettersson, B. M.)) | journal=European Journal of Biochemistry | title=The Amino Acid Sequence of Viscotoxin B from the European Mistletoe (Viscum album L, Loranthaceae) | volume=21 | issue=1 | pages=86–89 | date= 1971 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01443.x | doi=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01443.x | access-date=27 March 2023}}</ref>

Viscotoxins are a 46 amino acid long group of compounds with a net positive charge and 3 disulfide bonds. There are 7 isoforms of viscotoxins from viscum album A1, A2, A3, B, B2, 1-PS and C1, with U-PS being an eighth more distantly related compound. Viscotoxins are hypothesized to interact with phosphatidylserine that is a prominent feature of cancer cells membranes, opening a hole in the cell membrane and destabilizing the DNA.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Samuelsson, G.)), ((Pettersson, B. M.)) | journal=European Journal of Biochemistry | title=The Amino Acid Sequence of Viscotoxin B from the European Mistletoe (Viscum album L, Loranthaceae) | volume=21 | issue=1 | pages=86–89 | date= 1971 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01443.x | doi=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01443.x | access-date=27 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Pal, A.)), ((Debreczeni, J. É.)), ((Sevvana, M.)), ((Gruene, T.)), ((Kahle, B.)), ((Zeeck, A.)), ((Sheldrick, G. M.)) | journal=Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography | title=Structures of viscotoxins A1 and B2 from European mistletoe solved using native data alone | volume=64 | issue=9 | pages=985–992 | date=1 September 2008 | url=https://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0907444908022646 | doi=10.1107/S0907444908022646 | access-date=27 March 2023}}</ref>

==Scientific Evidence==

==Scientific Evidence==