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Concept of human being, research
Compared to the concepts [[alternative medicine]] and [[complementary medicine]] it focuses on integration with conventional medicine. The wording alternative medicine describes approaches used ''instead'' of conventional medicine. Complementary medicine pictures a [[Wikipedia:complementarity|complementarity]] of approaches. Integrative medicine uses scientific methods to evaluate complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies and is open to a dialog of different [[Wikipedia:paradigm|paradigms]] including those from non-conventional systems in a manner of [[medical pluralism|medical pluralism]]. Central is the effort for [[Wikipedia:scientificity|scientificity]] and [[Wikipedia:research|research]] with openness of the concept of [[science]].
Compared to the concepts [[alternative medicine]] and [[complementary medicine]] it focuses on integration with conventional medicine. The wording alternative medicine describes approaches used ''instead'' of conventional medicine. Complementary medicine pictures a [[Wikipedia:complementarity|complementarity]] of approaches. Integrative medicine uses scientific methods to evaluate complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies and is open to a dialog of different [[Wikipedia:paradigm|paradigms]] including those from non-conventional systems in a manner of [[medical pluralism|medical pluralism]]. Central is the effort for [[Wikipedia:scientificity|scientificity]] and [[Wikipedia:research|research]] with openness of the concept of [[science]].
==History of the concept==
In polarity to [[alternative medicine]], which emphasizes separation, the term integrative medicine denotes exchange and collaboration of complementary ([[complementary medicine|complementary]]) partners. The term integrative medicine was applied in the late 1940s in Anglo-American literature<ref name=":2">{{Cite |first=Benno|last=Brinkhaus|first2=Tobias|last2=Esch |chapter=Was ist integrative Medizin? |trans-chapter=What is integrative medicine?|editor-first=Benno|editor-last=Brinkhaus|editor-first2=Tobias|editor-last2=Esch |title=Integrative Medicine and Health |publisher=Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft |location=Berlin |date=2021 |ISBN=978-3-95466-422-1 |pages=9}}</ref> and propagated since the 1990s by, among others, [[Andrew Weil|Andrew Weil]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite |first=Dieter |last=Melchart |title=From Complementary to Integrative Medicine and Health: Do We Need a Change in Nomenclature? |journal=Complement Med Res |number=25 |publisher=Karger |location=Freiburg |date=2018 |language=en |DOI=10.1159/000488623 |pages=76-78}}</ref>. In the German-speaking world, the term came into use only from the 1990s.<ref name=":2" /> The emphases and interpretations of the still relatively young term changed over the years and are weighted partly differently by different representatives even today. Below are some descriptions and definitions.
In polarity to [[alternative medicine]], which emphasizes separation, the term integrative medicine denotes exchange and collaboration of complementary ([[complementary medicine|complementary]]) partners. The term integrative medicine was applied in the late 1940s in Anglo-American literature<ref name=":2">{{Cite |first=Benno|last=Brinkhaus|first2=Tobias|last2=Esch |chapter=Was ist integrative Medizin? |trans-chapter=What is integrative medicine?|editor-first=Benno|editor-last=Brinkhaus|editor-first2=Tobias|editor-last2=Esch |title=Integrative Medicine and Health |publisher=Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft |location=Berlin |date=2021 |ISBN=978-3-95466-422-1 |pages=9}}</ref> and propagated since the 1990s by, among others, [[Andrew Weil|Andrew Weil]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite |first=Dieter |last=Melchart |title=From Complementary to Integrative Medicine and Health: Do We Need a Change in Nomenclature? |journal=Complement Med Res |number=25 |publisher=Karger |location=Freiburg |date=2018 |language=en |DOI=10.1159/000488623 |pages=76-78}}</ref>. In the German-speaking world, the term came into use only from the 1990s.<ref name=":2" /> The emphases and interpretations of the still relatively young term changed over the years and are weighted partly differently by different representatives even today. Below are some descriptions and definitions.
In the 2000s, the focus was on a combination of elements of conventional medicine with scientifically evaluated elements of complementary and alternative medicine (see definition NCCAM).<ref name=":2" /> Through the years the concept broadened to include aspects like the relationship between patient and doctor, a network of caretaking persons and in 2020 a democratic environment and a healthy natural environment, bringing the concept close to that of [[:en:One Health|One Health]] and impulses arising in mainstream medicine.
In the 2000s, the focus was on a combination of elements of conventional medicine with scientifically evaluated elements of complementary and alternative medicine (see definition NCCAM).<ref name=":2" /> Through the years the concept broadened to include aspects like the relationship between patient and doctor, a network of caretaking persons and in 2020 a democratic environment and a healthy natural environment, bringing the concept close to that of [[:en:One Health|One Health]] and impulses arising in mainstream medicine.
===Criticism of the concept===
There is also criticism of the term, which, apart from its salutogenetic orientation, contains no conceptual innovation over that of [[complementary medicine|complementary medicine]].<ref name=":1" />
There is also criticism of the term, which, apart from its salutogenetic orientation, contains no conceptual innovation over that of [[complementary medicine|complementary medicine]].<ref name=":1" />
==Aspects of integrative medicine==
A definition<ref name=":4" /> by the Andrew Weil center for integrative medicine sums up different aspects of integrative medicine:
A definition<ref name=":4" /> by the Andrew Weil center for integrative medicine sums up different aspects of integrative medicine:
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== Concept of Human Being ==
Integrative medicine is sometimes perceived as a more human-centered approach to medicine, partly in response to perceived deficiencies in conventional medicine. The latter achieves high levels of technical precision, but it is argued that its focus on a reductionistic-mechanistic worldview and concept of human beings does not always adequately address essential aspects of human nature. Aspects such as the uniqueness of each individual, human interaction, and biography come into play, which are difficult to reconcile with the prevalent machine paradigm. These considerations have also led to the development of biopsychosocial medicine.
Depending on the concept of human beings, questions regarding life processes, the human soul, and spirituality may come to the fore.
== Research ==
Scientific research is a central element in the field of integrative medicine.
=== Examples ===
Within the framework of the 7th Framework Programme of the EU (FP7: 7th Framework Programme), a coordination project called "CAMbrella" was conducted to investigate the supply and demand of complementary medicine. The acronym "CAMbrella" stands for "umbrella of Complementary and Alternative Medicine".
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==Definitions==
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