Template:Cite newsgroup

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Citation Style 1 templates
{{Cite arXiv}}arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}books and chapters
{{Cite citeseerx}}CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
{{Cite episode}}radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}interviews
{{Cite journal}}academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}maps
{{Cite news}}news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}podcasts
{{Cite press release}}press releases
{{Cite report}}reports
{{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}theses
{{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
See alsoSpecific-source templates
Wrapper templates

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for online newsgroups.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then Script error: No such module "Purge". the page.

Horizontal format

  • {{cite newsgroup |title= |author= |date= |newsgroup= |message-id= |url= |access-date=March 28, 2024}}

Vertical format

{{cite newsgroup
 | title =
 | author =
 | date =
 | newsgroup =
 | message-id =
 | url =
 | access-date = 28 March 2024
}}

Examples

{{cite newsgroup | author = Tanenbaum, A. S. | title = LINUX is obsolete | date = January 29, 1992 | newsgroup = comp.os.minix | message-id = 12595@star.cs.vu.nl | quote = I am not unhappy with LINUX }}

  • Tanenbaum, A. S. (January 29, 1992). "LINUX is obsolete". Newsgroupcomp.os.minix. Usenet: 12595@star.cs.vu.nl. I am not unhappy with LINUX

{{cite newsgroup | author = A. S. Tanenbaum | title = LINUX is obsolete | date = January 29, 1992 | newsgroup = comp.os.minix | message-id = 12595@star.cs.vu.nl | url = http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.minix/browse_thread/thread/c25870d7a41696d2/f447530d082cd95d?tvc=2 | access-date = November 27, 2006 }}

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

  • parent
  • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
    • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
    • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

  • use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed for all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. Please refer to each template's documentation for a full list of supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies.

  • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
  • |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
  • |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
  • |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
  • |date=, |year=, |publication-date=
  • |series=, |version=
  • |volume=, |issue=, |number=
  • |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
  • |edition=
  • |publisher=, |institution=
  • |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
  • |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
  • |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
  • |degree=
  • |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

Deprecated

{{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deprecated_params_table}} {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|discouraged_unhyphenated_alias_help}} {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|discouraged_params_table}} {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deleted_params_table}}

Description

Authors

  • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
    • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead.
    • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
    • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
  • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
  • authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
  • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
    • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
    • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
    • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
    • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
  • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
  • Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

(See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

  • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
    • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; if url is defined, then trans-title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
newline [ ]
space &#91; &#93; {{!}} (preferred)
{{bracket|text}} &#124; or {{pipe}}see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe
  • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
  • newsgroup: Name of newsgroup; a link is automatically created; do not wikilink.
  • type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.
  • language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: español at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang

Date

  • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1] Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.
Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
  • year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible |date= parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
    1. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
    2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
  • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
  • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
    dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
    mdy – as above for month day, year format
    ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
    mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
    ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
  1. Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See MOS:DATEUNIFY.

Series, volume

  • series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.
  • volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both, an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

URL

  • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
    • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date 1] Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers, published books, or news articles with publication dates. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
    • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine), WebCite (see Help:Using WebCite) and archive.today (see Help:Using archive.today); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
      • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date 1] Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
      • url-status: this optional parameter is ignored if archive-url is not set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is |url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required).
      • archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See format=|Using |format=
    • url-access: See Access indicators for url-holding parameters
  • format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See format=|Using |format=

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

Character space " ' < > [ ] { | }
Encoding %20 %22 %27 %3C %3E %5B %5D %7B %7C %7D

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

  1. 1.0 1.1 Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD. See MOS:DATEUNIFY.

Additional note: (deprecated; use url) use of googleid= with the Google style id of a posting will automatically generate an appropriate URL. (The Google style-id can be determined by clicking 'Show Original' in the Groups UI. The Google Style id is the number between the "/msg/" and "?dmode=" portions of the URL used to show the original.)

Anchor

  • ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

  • message-id: the newsgroup's message identifier; the value in the message header between angle-brackets < and >; do not include the angle-brackets in |message-id=; must include @.
  • id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

  • arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.
  • asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN.
    • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|asin-tld_values_list}}. Aliases: none.
  • bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
  • biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.
  • citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
  • doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
    • doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
  • eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL.
  • isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN, isbn13, ISBN13.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.
  • issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • jfm: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data' not found.; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM.
  • jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR.
  • lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN.
  • mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR.
  • oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC.
  • ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL.
  • osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI.
  • pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers.. Aliases: PMC.
    • pmc-embargo-date: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
  • pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: PMID.
  • rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC.
  • sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN.
  • s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID.
  • zbl: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data' not found.; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL.

In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.

For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

Quote

  • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
    • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
  • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
  • OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

Lay summary

  • lay-url: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
    • lay-source: Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
    • lay-date: Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
    • lay-format: File format of the work referred to by lay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See format=|Using |format=

Display options

  • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
  • author-mask:
  • contributor-mask:
  • editor-mask:
  • interviewer-mask:
  • subject-mask:
  • translator-mask:
    Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name.
  • display-authors:
  • display-contributors:
  • display-editors:
  • display-interviewers:
  • display-subjects:
  • display-translators:
    Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors (and all authors). |display-authors=0 and |display-editors=0 are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
  • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text or templates beyond the terminating punctuation may generate an error message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

Link icons

Link icons are not created by this template, but by CSS; see Help:External link icons.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template based on this TemplateData.

TemplateData for Cite newsgroup

Template:Cite newsgroup/doc TemplateData has errors:
  • | editor= not valid alias of: |editor-last=
  • | editors= not valid alias of: |editor-last=
  • |editor2link= not valid alias of: |editor2-link=
  • |editor3link= not valid alias of: |editor3-link=
  • |editor4link= not valid alias of: |editor4-link=
  • |editor5link= not valid alias of: |editor5-link=
  • |editor6link= not valid alias of: |editor6-link=
  • |editor7link= not valid alias of: |editor7-link=
  • |editor8link= not valid alias of: |editor8-link=
  • |editor9link= not valid alias of: |editor9-link=
  • |editorlink2= not valid alias of: |editor2-link=
  • |editorlink3= not valid alias of: |editor3-link=
  • |editorlink4= not valid alias of: |editor4-link=
  • |editorlink5= not valid alias of: |editor5-link=
  • |editorlink6= not valid alias of: |editor6-link=
  • |editorlink7= not valid alias of: |editor7-link=
  • |editorlink8= not valid alias of: |editor8-link=
  • |editorlink9= not valid alias of: |editor9-link=
  • |translator1-link.= not valid alias of: |translator-link=
  • |translator9-link.= not valid alias of: |translator9-link=

Formats citation of the Newsgroup Template

Template parameters

This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

ParameterDescriptionTypeStatus
URLurl URL

The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found

Stringsuggested
Source titletitle

The title of the source page on the website; displays in quotes

Stringrequired
Last namelast last1 author author1 authors

The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

Unknownsuggested
First namefirst first1

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

Unknownsuggested
Source datedate

Full date of the source; do not wikilink

Stringsuggested
Publisherpublisher

Name of the publisher; displays after title

Stringoptional
News Groupnewsgroup

Name of newsgroup; a link is automatically created; do not wikilink.

Stringsuggested
Last name 2last2 author2

The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.

Unknownoptional
First name 2first2

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

Unknownoptional
Vauthorsvauthors

comma separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses

Lineoptional
Othersothers

Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'

Stringoptional
Year of publicationyear

Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known

Stringoptional
Editor last nameeditor-last editor1-last editor editors

The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.

Lineoptional
Editor first nameeditor-first editor1-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

Lineoptional
Editor linkeditor-link editor1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors

Pageoptional
Translator Last Nametranslator-last translator1 translator1-last translator-last1

Surname of translator. Do not wikilink

Lineoptional
Translator First Nametranslator-first translator1-first translator-first1

Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink

Lineoptional
Translator Linktranslator-link translator-link1 translator1-link.

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.

Pageoptional
Translator Last Name 2translator2-last translator-last2

Surname of second Translator

Lineoptional
Translator First Name 2translator2-first translator-first2

Given or first names of second translator. Do not wikilink

Lineoptional
Translator Link 2translator2-link translator-link2

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.

Lineoptional
Issueissue number

Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically

Stringoptional
Departmentdepartment

Department within the periodical

Stringoptional
Location of publicationlocation

Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'

Stringoptional
Place of publicationpublication-place

Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

Stringoptional
Publication datepublication-date

Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

Stringoptional
Agencyagency

The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

Stringoptional
Editionedition

When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

Stringoptional
Volumevolume

For one publication published in several volumes

Stringoptional
Pagepage

Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

Stringoptional
Pagespages

Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'

Stringoptional
No ppno-pp

Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

Stringoptional
Atat

May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

Stringoptional
Languagelanguage

The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates

Stringoptional
Script titlescript-title

For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

Stringoptional
Translated titletrans-title

An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

Stringoptional
Typetype

Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

Stringoptional
Formatformat

Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

Stringoptional
arXiv identifierarxiv

An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

Stringoptional
ASINasin

Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

Stringoptional
ASIN TLDasin-tld

ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

Stringoptional
Bibcodebibcode

Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

Stringoptional
DOIdoi

Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

Stringoptional
DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

Stringoptional
ISBNisbn

International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

Stringoptional
ISSNissn

International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

Stringoptional
jfm codejfm

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

Stringoptional
JSTORjstor

JSTOR identifier

Stringoptional
LCCNlccn

Library of Congress Control Number

Stringoptional
MRmr

Mathematical Reviews identifier

Stringoptional
OCLCoclc

Online Computer Library Center number

Stringoptional
OLol

Open Library identifier

Stringoptional
OSTIosti

Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

Stringoptional
PMCpmc

PubMed Center article number

Stringoptional
PMIDpmid

PubMed Unique Identifier

Stringoptional
RFCrfc

Request for Comments number

Stringoptional
SSRNssrn

Social Science Research Network

Stringoptional
Zblzbl

Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

Stringoptional
Message IDmessage-id

the newsgroup's message identifier; the value in the message header between angle-brackets < and >; do not include the angle-brackets in |message-id=; must include @

Stringsuggested
idid

A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

Stringoptional
Quotequote

Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

Stringoptional
Refref

An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates

Stringoptional
Postscriptpostscript

The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none'

Default
.
Stringoptional
Last name 3last3 author3

The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.

Unknownoptional
First name 3first3

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

Unknownoptional
Last name 4last4 author4

The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.

Unknownoptional
First name 4first4

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

Unknownoptional
Last name 5last5 author5

The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.

Unknownoptional
First name 5first5

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

Unknownoptional
Last name 6last6 author6

The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.

Unknownoptional
First name 6first6

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

Unknownoptional
Last name 7last7 author7

The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.

Unknownoptional
First name 7first7

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

Unknownoptional
Last name 8last8 author8

The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.

Unknownoptional
First name 8first8

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

Unknownoptional
Last name 9last9 author9

The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

Unknownoptional
First name 9first9

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

Unknownoptional
Author maskauthor-mask

Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Display authorsdisplay-authors

number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;

Numberoptional
Author linkauthor-link author-link1 author1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Pageoptional
Author link 2author-link2 author2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. (Up to nine authors can be listed, 3-9 are toward the end of the parameter list)

Pageoptional
Archive URLarchive-url

The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'

Stringoptional
Archive datearchive-date

Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

Stringoptional
URL statusurl-status

If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live

Stringoptional
Lay URLlay-url

URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source

Stringoptional
Lay sourcelay-source

Name of the source of the lay-url; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash

Stringoptional
Lay datelay-date

Date of the summary; displays in parentheses

Stringoptional
Author link 3author-link3 author3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

Pageoptional
Author link 4author-link4 author4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

Pageoptional
Author link 5author-link5 author5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.

Pageoptional
Author link 6author-link6 author6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

Pageoptional
Author link 7author-link7 author7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

Pageoptional
Author link 8author-link8 author8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

Pageoptional
Author link 9author-link9 author9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

Pageoptional
Name list stylename-list-style

Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.

Stringoptional
Editor last name 2editor2-last editor2

The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 2editor2-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 3editor3-last editor3

The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 3editor3-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 4editor4-last editor4

The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 4editor4-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 5editor5-last editor5

The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 5editor5-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 6editor6-last editor6

The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 6editor6-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 7editor7-last editor7

The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 7editor7-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 8editor8-last editor8

The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 8editor8-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 9editor9-last editor9

The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 9editor9-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor link 2editor2-link editor2link editorlink2

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor.

Pageoptional
Editor link 3editor3-link editor3link editorlink3

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor.

Pageoptional
Editor link 4editor4-link editor4link editorlink4

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor.

Pageoptional
Editor link 5editor5-link editor5link editorlink5

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor.

Pageoptional
Editor link 6editor6-link editor6link editorlink6

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor.

Pageoptional
Editor link 7editor7-link editor7link editorlink7

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor.

Pageoptional
Editor link 8editor8-link editor8link editorlink8

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor.

Pageoptional
Editor link 9editor9-link editor9link editorlink9

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor.

Pageoptional
Translator Last Name 3translator3-last translator-last3

Surname of third translator. Do not wikilink

Lineoptional
Translator First Name 3translator3-first translator-first3

Given or first names of third translator. Do not wikilink

Lineoptional
Translator Link 3translator3-link translator-link3

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.

Lineoptional
Translator Last Name 4translator4-last translator-last4

Surname of fourth translator. Do not wikilink

Lineoptional
Translator First Name 4translator4-first translator-first4

Given or first names of fourth translator. Do not wikilink

Lineoptional
Translator Link 4translator4-link translator-link4

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.

Pageoptional
Translator Last Name 5translator5-last translator-last5

Surname of fifth translator. Do not wikilink

Lineoptional
Translator First Name 5translator5-first translator-first5

Given or first names of fifth translator. Do not wikilink

Pageoptional
Translator Link 5translator5-link translator-link5

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.

Pageoptional
Translator Last Name 6translator6-last translator-last6

Surname of sixth translator. Do not wikilink

Pageoptional
Translator First Name 6translator6-first translator-first6

Given or first names of sixth translator. Do not wikilink

Pageoptional
Translator Link 6translator6-link translator-link6

Title of existing Wikipedia article about sixth the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.

Pageoptional
Translator Last Name 7translator7-last translator-last7

Surname of seventh translator. Do not wikilink

Pageoptional
Translator First Name 7translator7-first translator-first7

Given or first names of seventh translator. Do not wikilink

Pageoptional
Translator Link 7translator7-link translator-link7

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.

Stringoptional
Translator Last Name 8translator8-last translator-last8

Surname of eighth translator. Do not wikilink

Stringoptional
Translator First Name 8translator8-first translator-first8

Given or first names of eighth translator. Do not wikilink

Stringoptional
Translator Link 8translator8-link translator-link8

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.

Stringoptional
Translator Last Name 9translator9-last translator-last9

Surname of ninth translator. Do not wikilink

Stringoptional
Translator First Name 9translator9-first translator-link9

Given or first names of ninth translator. Do not wikilink

Stringoptional
Translator Link 9translator9-link translator9-link.

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.

Stringoptional
URL access dateaccess-date

The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

Stringsuggested
Original yearorig-year

Original year of publication; provide specifics

Stringoptional
URL access levelurl-access

Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')

Stringoptional
Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

Stringoptional
DOI access leveldoi-access

If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.

Stringoptional
HDL access levelhdl-access

If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

Stringoptional
Jstor access leveljstor-access

If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

Stringoptional
OpenLibrary access levelol-access

If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.

Stringoptional
OSTI access levelosti-access

If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.

Stringoptional
viavia

Identify the aggregator of the resource that provided the digital version (usually a database provider), when it differs from the publisher (e.g., for The Wikipedia Library)

Example
EBSCOHost , Proquest, Newspapers.com
Unknownsuggested

See also

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Color contrast' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Color contrast' not found. This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.

This template is based (in parts) on the Template:Cite newsgroup from the free encyclopedia wikipedia and is licensed under GNU license for free documentation and the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike. On wikipedia there is a List of authors accessible. More about importing from wikipedia on page Imedwiki:Importing from wikipedia.